Equilibrium important points : Equilibrium is a state in which the forward and the reverse reactions occurs at the same rate.
Equilibrium constants (Kc) express concentration of the products and the reactants at equilibrium, and can be used to predict direction of a reaction, calculate the concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium, and compare the relative strengths of acids and bases. The position of equilibrium can be affected by the changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature, and Le Chatelier’s principle predicts direction of the shift in equilibrium due to such changes.
Catalysts increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions, but they do not affect position of equilibrium. Equilibrium constants are independent of the initial concentrations but change with temperature, and the magnitude of the equilibrium constant indicates the extent of reaction at equilibrium.
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NCERT Chemistry Class 11 Chapter 7 – Equilibrium important points 25 Important Points
There are 25 important points on Equilibrium –
- Equilibrium is a state in which forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
- The equilibrium constant (Kc) is a measure of extent of the reaction at equilibrium.
- Kc expresses concentration of products and reactants at equilibrium.
- The reaction quotient (Qc) is the ratio of concentrations of products to reactants at any point in the reaction.
- If Qc < Kc, the reaction proceeds forward to reach the equilibrium.
- If Qc > Kc, the reaction proceeds in reverse direction to reach equilibrium.
- If Qc = Kc, reaction is at equilibrium.
- The position of equilibrium can be affected by the changes in concentration, pressure, and temperature.
- Le Chatelier’s principle predicts direction of the shift in equilibrium due to a change in concentration, pressure, or temperature.
- An increase in concentration of a reactant will shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring forward reaction.
- An increase in the concentration of a product will shift equilibrium to the left, favoring the reverse reaction.
- An increase in pressure will shift equilibrium in the direction that reduces the number of gas molecules.
- A decrease in pressure will shift equilibrium in the direction that increases the number of gas molecules.
- An increase in temperature will shift equilibrium in the direction that absorbs heat.
- A decrease in temperature will shift equilibrium in the direction that releases the heat.
- Catalysts increases the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions, but they do not affect position of equilibrium.
- Equilibrium constants are independent of the initial concentrations.
- Equilibrium constants change with change in temperature.
- The magnitude of the equilibrium constant indicates the extent of reaction at equilibrium.
- The equilibrium constant for a reverse reaction is reciprocal of the equilibrium constant for the forward reaction.
- The equilibrium constant for a reaction that is multiplied by a factor is raised to the power of that factor.
- The equilibrium constant for the overall reaction is product of the equilibrium constants for the individual reactions.
- Equilibrium constants can be used to calculate concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium.
- Equilibrium constants can be used to predict direction of a reaction.
- Equilibrium constants can be used to compare relative strengths of acids and bases.
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